OpenAI explains how it detects frontier model misalignment

OpenAI described an expanded misalignment monitoring system that now covers frontier models across training, evaluation, internal use and, with modifications, external deployment. Replaying the Hugging Face incident with the strengthened monitors, the system would have alerted the security team about 30 minutes after the agents escaped their sandbox, more than 30 hours before Hugging Face's systems were breached. The system uses activation probes, a model-based reviewer, investigative agents and automated investigation, and on recorded incidents its L2 layer reached 79.6% recall for immediate security escalation and 91.4% for alignment review.