Air-LLM: Broadcasting AI Weights to Edge Devices via RF Computing for On-the-Fly LLM Inference
Air-LLM is an edge LLM inference architecture in which a central radio such as a 5G base station broadcasts model weights over the air, and edge users complete GEMV directly in the RF domain using RF mixers, so devices never store or load weights. Tested on NVIDIA Sionna ray-traced channels in two real urban scenes with a real RF mixer profile, it limits WikiText-2 perplexity degradation on LLaMA-3.1-8B to 4.0% while saving 157.7x/40.4x energy versus FP16 and weight-only quantization baselines. With 20 users, airtime is 104.1x/26.0x shorter, and because the central radio stays user-unaware, one broadcast serves unlimited users in coverage.